Genetically engineered viruses to extract rare earth elements more sustainably (engineering.berkeley.edu)

Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a groundbreaking method for sustainably extracting rare earth elements (REEs) using genetically engineered viruses. These harmless bacteriophages function as “smart sponges” that selectively bind to REEs in water, allowing for their efficient extraction without the toxic chemicals typically associated with traditional mining methods. By adjusting the temperature and acidity of the solution, the viruses release the captured metals, presenting a low-cost, recyclable alternative for resource recovery. This innovative biomining approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also aims to bolster the domestic supply of critical minerals necessary for technologies ranging from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems. The engineered viruses can be produced in vast numbers through bacterial replication, ensuring scalability. With further potential applications in harvesting elements from e-waste and environmental cleanup, this research signals a significant advancement towards a greener and more sustainable economy, driven by programmable biological tools. Future work will explore the extraction of other metals, including copper, positioning this technology as a vital solution to global supply chain challenges in the AI and tech sectors.