Coral Protocol: Open infrastructure connecting the internet of agents (arxiv.org)

Coral Protocol is an open, decentralized infrastructure designed to let specialized AI agents from different vendors and domains communicate, coordinate, transact, and build trust—essentially a foundational layer for the emerging "Internet of Agents." The paper presents Coral as a vendor-neutral common language and coordination framework that standardizes how agents exchange messages, orchestrates multi-agent workflows through a modular coordination mechanism, and supports secure team formation so agents can dynamically assemble trusted groups. The stack explicitly targets interoperability, security, and efficient collaboration across heterogeneous agent ecosystems, and also accommodates payments and trust primitives to enable economic interactions. Technically, Coral defines standardized messaging formats to enable plug-and-play agent interactions, a modular orchestration layer for composing complex, multi-step tasks across agents, and secure protocols for identity, authentication and dynamic team formation (supporting trust and accountability in transient agent coalitions). For the AI/ML community this matters because it lowers integration friction, enables reusable workflow components, and creates a substrate for marketplaces and collective intelligence among autonomous services—accelerating deployment of multi-agent automation while surfacing new research and engineering questions around governance, incentive design, and cross-agent safety.