Retraction Note: The effect of ChatGPT on students' learning performance (www.nature.com)

The paper titled "The effect of ChatGPT on students' learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking," published in *Humanities and Social Sciences Communications*, has been retracted due to significant discrepancies identified in its meta-analysis. The editor expressed that these inconsistencies compromise the validity of the findings and the conclusions drawn from the research. Notably, the authors of the study have not responded to inquiries from the journal concerning this retraction, raising further concerns about the integrity of the research. This retraction is particularly significant for the AI/ML community, especially as ChatGPT and similar AI tools increasingly influence educational settings. It highlights the critical need for rigorous validation in studies that assess the impact of AI technologies on learning outcomes. As institutions and educators look to integrate AI tools like ChatGPT in pedagogical practices, the reliability of research findings becomes paramount. The discrepancies in this study could have important implications for future research designs and the establishment of best practices in assessing AI's role in education.